As-Su’āl wa al-Jawāb dalam Al-Qur’an: Studi Kaidah Tafsir dan Pendekatan Linguistik-Retoris

Abstract

This study examines the pattern of as-su’āl wa al-jawāb (question and answer) in the Qur’an as a distinctive form of revelatory communication that carries unique characteristics and profound rhetorical value. This pattern does not merely function as a means of conveying information, but also plays roles in educational, argumentative, and contextual dimensions. The main focus of this research is to elaborate the structure and function of the question-and-answer pattern in the Qur’an based on the principles of Qur’anic exegesis formulated by Khalīd ibn ‘Uthmān al-Sabt, as well as to explore its contribution to the development of contemporary exegetical methodology. This study aims to identify the exegetical principles related to this pattern, analyze their application in Qur’anic verses, and assess their relevance within a rhetoric-based interpretive approach. The method employed is a library research approach using descriptive-analytical and exegetical methods. Primary sources include the Qur’an and Qawāʿid al-Tafsīr by al-Sabt, supported by various secondary sources from both classical and modern exegetes. The findings reveal five main principles: munāsabah (contextual coherence), expansion of the answer, structural harmony in sentence form, rhetorical meaning in apparent literal inconsistency, and answers that exceed the scope of the question. These findings demonstrate that the pattern of as-su’āl wa al-jawāb in the Qur’an represents not only linguistic depth but also an effective communicative strategy of revelation in fostering both spiritual and rational understanding among believers. Therefore, this study emphasizes the urgency of a linguistic approach in Qur’anic interpretation.