Analisis Kaidah Mufrad–Jamā‘ dalam Al-Qur’an: Pendekatan Linguistik dan Implikasinya dalam Tafsir

Abstract

The interpretation of the Qur’an in Indonesia often falls into two extreme tendencies: an overly rigid textual approach or, conversely, an excessively flexible one that neglects linguistic considerations. One important principle in qawā‘id al-tafsīr that is frequently overlooked is the mufrad–jamā‘ rule, namely the distinction between singular and plural forms in Arabic, which carries significant semantic implications. This study aims to describe the patterns of singular and plural usage in the Qur’an and to analyze their influence on the meaning of verses. This research employs a library-based method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that the distinction between singular and plural forms is not merely grammatical but also encompasses semantic and rhetorical dimensions, as seen in the use of terms such as riḥ and riyāḥ, al-nūr and al-ẓulumāt, and al-samāwāt. These differences reflect deeper meanings, including nuances of punishment and mercy, unity and plurality, and the vastness of creation. Therefore, understanding the mufrad–jamā‘ principle is essential for enhancing the accuracy and depth of Qur’anic interpretation. This study is expected to strengthen linguistic sensitivity in tafsir studies, particularly within the academic context in Indonesia.