ESPAS: Journal of Economics and Banking is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all forms of research misconduct seriously. This includes, but is not limited to, plagiarism, data falsification, inappropriate authorship, and other unethical practices. The journal adheres to the ethical guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and expects all parties involved in the publication process, including authors, reviewers, and editors, to follow these principles.

Authors' Responsibilities:

• Authors must ensure that their work is original, accurately presented, and free from plagiarism.
• All sources and relevant previous work must be properly cited.
• Authors should disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
• Any significant errors discovered after submission must be promptly reported to the editor.

Reviewers' Responsibilities:

• Reviewers must provide objective and constructive feedback, without personal bias or conflict of interest.
• Reviewers must maintain the confidentiality of the manuscript and not use the information for personal advantage.

Editors' Responsibilities:

• Editors are responsible for making publication decisions based on the manuscript's quality, relevance, and ethical standards.
• Editors must ensure the integrity of the publication process and address any ethical concerns that arise.
• Editors will handle allegations of misconduct according to COPE guidelines, ensuring a fair and thorough investigation.

By adhering to these ethical standards, ESPAS: Journal of Economics and Banking aims to contribute to the integrity and credibility of academic research.